Quilling Frog Kit near Me
Mnemonic Seed
Encoding a random number in to words and using them to create a seed.
BIP 39
A mnemonic judgement ("mnemonic code", "seed phrase", "seed words") is a way of representing a large randomly-generated number equally a sequence of words, making it easier for humans to store.
These words are then used to create a seed, which can exist used for generating extended keys in a hierarchical deterministic wallet.
Notation: In other words, your wallet needs to use a large random number to generate all your keys and addresses, and a mnemonic sentence gives us a convenient fashion to store this number.
Practise not trust seeds generated on websites. When creating a wallet you should generate your ain seed privately on your ain figurer. I recommend using Electrum
Try it!
128 Bits
256 Bits
How practice you generate a mnemonic sentence?
Three steps:
- Generate Entropy
- Entropy to Mnemonic
- Mnemonic to Seed
1. Generate Entropy
To create a mnemonic you first of all need to generate entropy, which is our source of randomness.
You can think of entropy is being a very big random number that nobody has ever generated earlier, or will ever generate in the futurity. It's also best to remember of this number as a serial of bits (due east.g.10011010010001...), which is how computers store numbers.
Tip: A bit (0 or 1) is the smallest unit of storage on a reckoner.
The entropy we generate must exist a multiple of 32 $.25, as that volition allow united states to split up the entropy upwards in to fifty-fifty chunks and catechumen to words later on. Furthermore, the entropy should be between 128 and 256 bits, equally that's enough to make it incommunicable for two people to generate the same entropy.
# ------------------- # 1. Generate Entropy # ------------------- require 'securerandom' # library for generating bytes of entropy bytes = SecureRandom.random_bytes(16) # 16 bytes = 128 bits (1 byte = viii $.25) entropy = bytes.unpack("B*").bring together # convert bytes to a string of $.25 (base2) puts entropy #=> "1010110111011000110010010010111001001011001001010110001011100001" # Note: For the purposes of the examples on this page, I have actually generated 64 bits of entropy. # For real world apply, you should generate 128 to 256 bits (in a multiple of 32 bits). Caution: E'er use a secure random number generator for you entropy. Exercise non employ your programming language's default "random" office, as the numbers it produces are not random enough for cryptography.i
ii. Entropy to Mnemonic
Now that nosotros've got our entropy we tin encode it in to words.
Commencement of all, we add a checksum to our entropy to help detect errors (making the last sentence more than user-friendly). This checksum is created by hashing the entropy through SHA256, which gives usa a unique fingerprint for our entropy. Nosotros then accept 1 bit of that hash for every 32 bits of entropy, and add it to the end of our entropy.
Next we split up this in to groups of 11 bits, catechumen these to decimal numbers, and utilise those numbers to select the corresponding words.
And there we take our mnemonic sentence.
Tip: An 11-bit number can hold a decimal number between 0-2047 (which is why at that place are 2048 words in the wordlist).
Tip: By adding one bit of checksum to every 32 $.25 of entropy, we volition always terminate up with a multiple of 33 $.25, which we tin separate in to equal 11-bit chunks.
Annotation: A mnemonic phrase is usually between 12 and 24 words.
# ---------------------- # 2. Entropy to Mnemonic # ---------------------- entropy = "1010110111011000110010010010111001001011001001010110001011100001" # one. Create checksum require 'digest' size = entropy.length / 32 # number of bits to take from hash of entropy (1 bit checksum for every 32 bits entropy) sha256 = Digest::SHA256.digest([entropy].pack("B*")) # hash of entropy (in raw binary) checksum = sha256.unpack("B*").join[0..size-ane] # become desired number of bits puts "checksum: #{checksum} " # 2. Combine full = entropy + checksum puts "combined: #{full} " # three. Dissever in to strings of of 11 bits pieces = total.scan(/.{11}/) # four. Get the wordlist every bit an assortment wordlist = File.readlines("wordlist.txt") # 5. Catechumen groups of bits to array of words puts "words:" sentence = [] pieces.each practice |slice| i = piece.to_i(2) # catechumen string of eleven bits to an integer word = wordlist[i] # get the respective word from wordlist sentence << give-and-take.chomp # add together to sentence (removing newline from end of discussion) puts " #{slice} #{i.to_s.rjust(4)} #{word} " stop mnemonic = sentence.join(" ") puts "mnemonic: #{mnemonic} " #=> "punch shock entire north file identify" Requires wordlist.txt
iii. Mnemonic to Seed
Now that we've got our mnemonic sentence, we tin convert information technology to our final seed.
To create the seed, you put your mnemonic sentence through the PBKDF2 function. This basically hashes your mnemonic (+ optional passphrase) multiple times until it produces a final 64 byte (512 fleck) event.
This 64 byte event is your seed, which can exist used to create the master extended key for a hierarchical deterministic wallet.
# ------------------- # 3. Mnemonic to Seed # ------------------- require 'openssl' mnemonic = "punch stupor entire due north file identify" passphrase = "" # can leave this blank puts "passphrase: #{passphrase} " password = mnemonic common salt = "mnemonic #{passphrase} " # "mnemonic" is always used in the salt with optional passphrase appended to information technology iterations = 2048 keylength = 64 digest = OpenSSL::Assimilate::SHA512.new consequence = OpenSSL::PKCS5.pbkdf2_hmac(password, salt, iterations, keylength, digest) seed = effect.unpack("H*")[0] # convert to hexadecimal string puts "seed: #{seed} " #=> e1ca8d8539fb054eda16c35dcff74c5f88202b88cb03f2824193f4e6c5e87dd2e24a0edb218901c3e71e900d95e9573d9ffbf870b242e927682e381d109ae882 PBKDF2 Settings: Password: Mnemonic Judgement Salt: "mnemonic"+(optional passphrase) Iterations: 2048 Algorithm: HMAC-SHA512 Size: 64 bytes BIP39 Wordlist
The words in a mnemonic sentence come from a fixed listing of 2048 words (specified by BIP39). The first 4 letters of each give-and-take is unique in the list.
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Summary
Code
The following code snippets require this wordlist.txt file.
Ruby-red
PHP
Get
Links
- BIP 39 (Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine, Sean Bowe)
- Ian Coleman BIP39 Tool (Fantastic)
- Blood-red BIP39
- Tyler Smith Get BIP39
- Pete Corey Elixir BIP39 (Elixir is a skillful language for working with binary)
- https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Seed_phrase
-
https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-generate-your-very-own-bitcoin-individual-key-7ad0f4936e6c/#cryptographically-potent-rng↩︎
Source: https://learnmeabitcoin.com/technical/mnemonic
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